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  1. Home
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  4. History & Heritage
  5. The Jacobite Rebellion

The Jacobite Rebellion

Patriotic Scots, disaffected Britons, acts of great bravery, tactical mistakes and many inspiring tales - the war-torn years of the 17th and 18th centuries are a complex and well-known chapter of Scottish history.

The Three Sisters, Glencoe

© VisitScotland / Kenny Lam

Who were the Jacobites?

“

‘Jacobite’ is Latin for James or Jacobus.

The Jacobites were historic supporters of King James VII, his son James Frances Edward Stuart, and his grandson, Charles Edward Stuart, who was also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Their main aim was to restore the House of Stuart to the British throne, although their tactics often led to turbulent and bloody outcomes.

Today, portrayals of the Jacobites can be seen across blockbuster film & TV, in literature and poetry, and in our varied museums and galleries. You may have already heard of the Jacobites, from the popular TV series Outlander.

What was the Jacobite rebellion?

Culloden Visitor Centre

Highly romanticised in stories and songs, the Jacobite Risings were a much bleaker affair in reality – marked by bloody and divisive uprisings, rebellions, and fighting. There were many battles during the Jacobite rebellions, at sites including Killiecrankie and Culloden. The Jacobites failed to restore the Stuarts to the throne, ultimately leading to the tragic Battle of Culloden that changed communities and the infrastructure of the Highlands forever.

In 1745, Bonnie Prince Charlie launched an attempt to reclaim the throne his grandfather, King James VII of Scotland and II of England, lost in 1688. Those who continued to support the exiled James II became known as "Jacobites".

A timeline of the Jacobite Uprisings

The Jacobite rebellion timeline is quite complex. It all started with James VII, as we called him in Scotland or James II as he was known in England, the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Invaded by his Protestant son-in-law and subsequently overthrown, James was forced into exile in France.

Looking over the Garry Bridge onto the River Garry by Killiecrankie

© VisitScotland / Kenny Lam

The Jacobite Risings of 1689 - 1690

Viscount Dundee, James' most zealous Scottish supporter, rallied troops and turned to military action against William and Mary's government forces. The first Jacobite rising broke out, but popular support for a Jacobite war wasn't forthcoming.

  • Led by:  John Graham of Claverhouse - Viscount Dundee - also known as "Bonnie Dundee"
  • Main Jacobite battles: Battle of Killiecrankie (1689), Dunkeld Siege (1689), Massacre of Glencoe (1692)

Visit Killiecrankie

Visit Glencoe Visitor Centre

The Jacobite Risings of 1708, 1715, and 1719

In 1707, the two kingdoms of Scotland and England were united much to the dismay of those who supported the Jacobite cause. James VIII/III attempted to claim the throne twice, in 1708 and in 1715, which resulted in the Jacobite rising of 1715 led by the Earl of Mar. In 1719, the Jacobites found an ally in Spain and this rebellion was led by Lord Tullibardine and Earl Marischal.

  • Led by:  James VIII/III - James Francis Edward Stuart - also known as the "Old Pretender"
  • Main battles: Battle of Sherrifmuir (1715), Battle of Glenshiel (1719)

Aerial shot of Eriskay

The Jacobite Rebellion of 1745

After failing to persuade the French government to commit to another invasion, Prince Charles, the "Young Pretender", decided to fund his own Jacobite rebellion in 1745. He sailed from France to Scotland, arriving on Eriskay in the Outer Hebrides in July 1745 and then travelled across the Highlands, to assemble a Jacobite army.

  • Led by: Prince Charles Edward Stuart - Charles III - known as 'Bonnie Prince Charlie' or the "Young Pretender"
  • Main battles: Battle of Prestonpans (1745), Battle of Falkirk (1745), Battle of Culloden (1746)

Visit Falkirk
Visit Culloden

Experience The Jacobites today

Discover museums, monuments, attractions, trails, and more that let you delve back in to this infamous and tragic time in Scotland’s past.

Culloden Battlefield

Isle of Eriskay - Follow the Bonnie Prince Charlie Trail through the Outer Hebrides. Eriskay was the first place where he set foot on Scottish soil and is where he started his campaign. The islands are also where he initially fled after the defeat at Culloden.

Culloden Battlefield - At Culloden Battlefield and Visitor Centre, uncover what happened on that fateful day in April 1746. Immerse yourself in the battle experience and examine archaeological evidence from the site.

Culloden House - Stay in the place where Bonnie Prince Charlie assumed his battlefield headquarters. Rich in history, the beautiful Culloden House is now a luxurious country house hotel.

The Glenfinnan Monument, looking onto Loch Shiel

© VisitScotland / Kenny Lam

Glenfinnan Monument - See the Glenfinnan Monument, dramatically set at the head of Loch Shiel in the west Highlands. In the visitor centre, discover the story of the '45, Risings and tour the structure itself. Glenfinnan is the place where Charles rallied the clans loyal to the Stuart cause and started the final Risings.

West Highland Museum - At the West Highland Museum in Fort William, you can see the Bonnie Prince's death mask, sword, and some of his clothing, including his fine silk waistcoat, as well as other Jacobite artefacts.

Museum of Island Life - On the Isle of Skye, just behind the Museum of Island Life, lies a memorial to Flora MacDonald, the Jacobite sympathiser who helped Charles escape Scotland following the defeat at Culloden by disguising him as a maid and smuggling him away by boat.

Perth Museum - In addition to being the home of the legendary Stone of Destiny, Bonnie Prince Charlie’s sword and a rare Jacobite wine glass are also on public display in Perth Museum. It's the first time the sword has returned to Scotland since it was forged in Perth in 1739.

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