Outdoor safety in Scotland

Is Scotland safe to visit? 

Yes, Scotland is generally a safe and friendly destination. You’ll find that many cities including Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Inverness are well-policed. The countryside and the Highlands are very safe as long as you use normal travel precautions and plan for changeable weather.

Is it safe to walk around Scottish cities like Edinburgh or Glasgow at night? 

Yes, especially in central, well-lit areas. As with any city, make sure to stick to well-known city centre locations, keep valuables secure and stay aware of your surroundings.

Are there areas I should avoid? 

Quieter residential areas and poorly lit side streets are best to avoid late at night, especially if this is your first time visiting Scotland. If there is a street that makes you feel uncomfortable, trust your instincts and take another route. If you’re staying out into the early hours after midnight, it is best to book a taxi after pubs and clubs close.

How safe is public transport in Scotland? 

Public transport in Scotland is generally safe, reliable, and well used by locals and tourists. Buses, trams and trains operate to a high standard with many major routes, stations and vehicles well-lit at night. You’ll find lots of CCTV and staff present on many services too. Remember to always keep an eye on your personal belongings and sit near other passengers or the driver on buses.

How quickly can the weather change in Scotland? 

Very quickly. Scotland’s weather can change within minutes, especially in coastal, hill and Highland areas. It’s common to experience sunshine, wind and rain all in one day, so wearing the right clothing and checking the weather forecast before you set off for the day is a must.

Check out our weather page on what to expect

What should I wear for walking and hiking? 

Lots of warm layers. We recommend wearing a waterproof jacket and trousers, hat, scarf or balaclava, gloves, thick wooly socks and sturdy hiking boots with a good grip.

What should I pack in my backpack if I’m planning a walking holiday? 

Pack comfortable walking shoes, layers, and a waterproof jacket in case the weather changes. Bring water, snacks, your phone and a small essentials kit filled with plasters, sunscreen and a charger. 

Is wild swimming safe in Scotland? 

Yes, but it is never risk-free. Make sure to check out the weather, tides, and local advice beforehand. After heavy rainfall, the water quality can change very quickly, leading to the growth of blue-green algae which can cause illness or skin irritation. To help you stay safe, we recommend not swimming after it rains or if the water has a strong odour. 

How cold is the water? 

The water is cold all year round in Scotland. In summer, the average temperature is between 10-15°C and even much colder in winter.

What are the health risks of wild swimming or cold water? 

Cold water shock is the biggest risk when it comes to wild swimming. This can affect anyone, regardless of fitness and strength. Sudden gasping, uncontrollable breathing, and a rapid heartbeat are just some of the symptoms that appear and can be life-threatening. 

Can beginners try wild swimming? 

Yes, beginners are welcome to try wild swimming in Scotland. Just remember to take it easy with short dips and to ease yourself into the water slowly to avoid cold water shock. 

Are there dangerous animals in Scotland? 

The good news is that you don't need to worry about any dangerous animals in Scotland. You won't run into any deadly wildlife while you're here. You might come across midges, ticks and the odd jellyfish in the sea, but they are mostly harmless. Neither wild nor farm animals pose a threat, as long as you don't approach them too closely and use basic common sense while around livestock.

Discover different species of wildlife you can find in Scotland

Is bird flu a risk to people visiting Scotland? 

No, bird flu mainly affects birds, not people. The risk to human health is very low, but we strongly advise not to touch or pick up any sick or dead birds and to keep dogs on a lead in affected areas.

 Visit the NatureScot website for more information on bird flu 

Are midges harmful? 

No, they don’t carry diseases and they won’t make you ill. At worst, their bites can be itchy or irritating. 

What are ticks and how do I avoid tick bites? 

Ticks are tiny, spider-like insects that live in grassy, wooded areas. Their bites are usually painless, but some can transmit Lyme disease, which is treatable if caught early. 

To avoid ticks, stick to paths, cover up by wearing long sleeves and trousers, use insect repellent and check your skin and clothes after being outdoors. If you’re bringing your pets on holiday, you may want to check them also as they can bring ticks inside.

Read our guide to midges and ticks in Scotland

How serious is Lyme disease? 

If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to long-term health issues which can include joint pain, nerve issues, fatigue, or heart problems.

What is the Scottish Outdoor Access Code? 

The Code is a set of simple rules that explain your rights and responsibilities when enjoying the outdoors in Scotland. Thanks to the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 you have the right to explore most of the country’s land and water. 

This applies to hills, moors, forests, beaches, woods, rivers and some farmland, and gives you the right to walk, cycle, climb, swim, watch wildlife and more.

It works on three key principles: 

• Respecting others 
• Caring for the environment 
• Taking responsibility for your actions 

Become a responsible tourist by following the Scottish Outdoor Access Code

Is driving in Scotland difficult for visitors? 

Driving in Scotland is generally easy for visitors. Just keep in mind that we drive on the left-hand side and take your time on narrow country roads.

What should I know about single-track roads? 

Single-track roads are narrow country roads, so drivers politely take turns using passing places to let each other through. Drive slowly, be patient and pull in when needed with a friendly wave or flash of headlights to let the other driver know you’ve seen them and are giving way. Please remember to also not park in passing places.

Is it safe to drive in remote areas? 

Yes, just be mindful that country roads are narrower. During your travels, you might not come across as many shops and fuel stations enroute. Always drive at a relaxed pace, plan fuel stops in advance and watch out for wildlife as deer, sheep and cattle can appear suddenly.

Do I need winter tyres or special equipment to drive in Scotland? 

Generally, no. In winter, they can be helpful in the Highlands or during snow and ice, but they’re not essential. Just remember to take care while driving and be prepared with warm clothing, a charged phone and extra fuel if heading into remote areas.

Who do I contact if I break down in a remote area? 

Call your breakdown provider first (e.g. the AA, RAC or Green Flag) if you have cover. If you don’t have cover, call a local recovery service. If you happen to break down in a remote area, the police can sometimes arrange for recovery.

Find out more about driving in Scotland

Is Scotland safe for cycling? 

Yes, Scotland is mostly safe for cycling, especially in our cities with a growing number of cycle lanes. However, safety can depend on location and weather conditions.

Rural roads can be narrow while wet weather and short winter daylight hours can make cycling harder. Good visibility is key when planning a cycling trip in Scotland so make sure to prioritise route planning.

Is bike theft common in Scotland? 

Yes, bike theft does happen, but it’s more common in busy urban areas than in smaller towns. Making sure to use a good-quality lock, securing your bike to a solid, well-lit stand or keeping it indoors overnight will greatly reduce the risk of your bike being stolen. 

What equipment do I need for cycling? 

To get you started cycling, you’ll need a bike that suits your riding, a helmet for safety, and front and rear lights so you can be seen by others. Wear comfortable clothes and sturdy shoes, carry water and use a lock to protect your bike. Extras like a pump, puncture kit, and high visibility gear also make rides easier and safer. 

What should I wear when cycling in Scotland? 

Wear comfortable, breathable clothing, a light waterproof or windproof jacket, and layers you can add or remove as the temperature changes. Always wear bright and reflective clothing, wear a helmet and in colder weather, wear gloves and water-resistant shoes to stay warm. 

Is skiing or snowboarding in Scotland safe? 

Yes, Scotland’s ski centres are well run, with patrolled slopes, marked runs and safety staff. Weather conditions on the slopes can change quickly, so make sure to dress warmly, check forecasts, stick to open runs and follow local guidance. 

Where can I check snow and weather conditions? 

Check our skiing and snowboarding page for up to date snow reports. Use the Met Office or Mountain Weather Information Service (MWIS), and SAIS for avalanche conditions in winter.

Are avalanches a risk in Scotland? 

Yes, especially during the winter in areas like the Cairngorms, Glencoe and Ben Nevis. Before you head out, always check the Scottish Avalanche Information Service reports and stick to marked, open areas or guided routes. 

Do I need specialist equipment or guides? 

If you’re using marked, open ski slopes at Scottish ski centres, you don’t need specialist equipment or a guide. However, you will need specialist gear and a guide for off-piste skiing, ski touring and mountain routes, especially in winter when there is risk of avalanches.