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North Uist and Eaval from the top of Rueval on Benbecula

© VisitScotland / Paul Tomkins

  1. Home
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  5. Our Scottish languages - dialects and phrases
  6. Gaelic

Gaelic language & history

Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is one of Scotland’s native languages. It has been spoken here for about 2,000 years and around 70,000 Scots speak it or are able to understand it. Explore the language’s roots, history and living culture.

Celebrate Seachdain na Gàidhlig (World Gaelic Week)

Join Scotland’s global celebration of Gaelic language and culture. Take part at events across Scotland in February, learn a phrase, or plan a Gaelic-themed trip.

Seachdain na Gàidhlig

Gaelic & its origins

“

Charm local native speakers by learning some useful Gaelic language phrases with LearnGaelic.

Endowed with a rich heritage of music, folklore and cultural ecology, Gaelic in Scotland is thriving and enjoying a revival! It can be heard in Lowland pubs and at Hebridean ceilidhs. It has even crossed over to popular culture, having been featured in the phenomenally successful TV series Outlander.

In the late 18th century, the Gaelic language was heavily suppressed during the infamous Highland Clearances following the turbulent Jacobite uprisings. Although speakers of the Scottish language were persecuted over the centuries, Gaelic is still spoken today by around 70,000 Scots.

Doune Castle

“

Did you know?

You may not even realise it, but you already do speak some Gaelic!

Whisky
Short form of whiskybae, from uisge-beatha, meaning the 'water of life'.

 

Gaelic origin, heritage and legacy

The Gaelic community has supplied Scotland with many of the country's national icons, including the kilt, tartan, sporran, bagpipes, ceilidhs, Highland games and whisky!

You'll be surprised how greatly the Gaelic language has been preserved through literature, arts and folklore from across the ages, despite over 200 years of suppression and condemnation. Scottish Gaelic is still vibrant in the modern world, with the Outer Hebrides being the heartland of it.

Today you can still:

  • Hear rich Gaelic singing and foot-stomping traditional music in pubs and on streets.
  • Immerse yourself in traditional reels, jigs and waltzes and enjoy the party spirit of a ceilidh.
  • Absorb the history and customs of Gaelic music and song at one of Scotland's traditional music festivals such as the Hebridean Celtic Music Festival, Harris Arts Festival, Barra Live, Celtic Connections or at various Fèisean (festivals).
  • Discover arts and crafts produced by people with Gaelic heritage, including Harris Tweed - a luxurious, hard-wearing fabric only woven in the Outer Hebrides.

Where does Gaelic come from?

The Gaelic language originates from the fifth century in areas including North Eastern Ulster (a small, northern province in Ireland), the Islands of Caledonia, and the north western coastlines of Ireland. Spoken by people called Gaels, the Gaelic language migrated and today there are six Celtic languages remaining: Scottish Gaelic, Irish, Welsh, Breton, Cornish, and Manx.

Talisker Bay

Try a Gaelic phrase

#SayAGaelicPhraseADay is on 26 Feb – give it a go!

A little Gaelic goes a long way, especially during Seachdain na Gàidhlig.

  • Fàilte! (Welcome) – FAHL‑chuh
  • Halò! (Hello) – ha‑LO
  • Ciamar a tha thu? (How are you? – informal) – KEE‑mar uh HA oo?
  • Tapadh leat / leibh (Thank you – informal / formal) – TA‑puh LYAHT / LAYV
  • Slàinte mhath! (Cheers!) – SLAAN‑chuh VAH  
  • Tìoraidh! (Cheerio/Bye) – CHEE‑ree
  • Fògarraich… (Amazing…) – FOH‑gar‑reech (ch as in loch)  
  • Càit a bheil…? (Where is…?) – KAHT uh VEL…?

Pronunciation tip: bh and mh often sound like v, and ch is the back‑of‑the‑throat sound in loch.

Join in on 26 Feb: Pick a phrase, record a quick video and post with #LàAbairtNaGàidhlig / #SayAGaelicPhraseDay.

How to take part

Where to experience Gaelic

From museum and language centres to living traditions, here are some great places to hear, learn and feel Gaelic in context. 

Cyclist by Kisimul Castle on Barra

© VisitScotland / Kenny Lam

Outer Hebrides

  • Calanais Standing Stones & Visitor Centre, Isle of Lewis (visitor centre re‑opens spring/summer 2026)
  • Museum & Tasglann nan Eilean (Lews Castle), Isle of Lewis
  • Gearranan & Arnol blackhouses, Isle of Lewis
  • Ness Historical Society - Isle of Lewis | Comunn Eachdraidh Nis, North Lewis
  • Harris Tweed Authority Story Room & Harris Tweed Trail, Stornoway
  • Taigh Chearsabhagh Museum & Arts Centre, North Uist
  • Sgoil Shamhraidh | Ceòlas, South Uist
  • Kisimul Castle, Barra (tours returning late summer 2026)
  • Isle of Harris Distillery, Isle of Harris
  • An Taigh Cèilidh, Stornoway (order your coffee or tea in Gaelic, and you get 10% off)
  • An Lanntair, Stornoway

Kilmartin Glen

© Airborne Lens / Liam Anderstrem

Skye & the Small Isles

  • Dunvegan Castle, Isle of Skye
  • Skye Museum of Island Life, Isle of Skye
  • Sabhal Mòr Ostaig Gaelic Poetry Path (Gaelic college) — new Gaelic poetry path launched last March
  • Café Cùil, Isle of Skye

The Highlands & Argyll

  • Dundreggan Rewilding Centre, Glenmoriston — Residential Gaelic Experience (23–26 Apr 2026) & Gaelic Song & Nature Retreat (2–4 Oct 2026)
  • Kilmartin Glen & Kilmartin Museum
  • Lismore Gaelic Heritage Centre, Isle of Lismore
  • Museum of Islay Life & Ionad Chaluim Chille Ìle (Islay Gaelic Centre)
  • An Iodhlann (Tiree Historical Centre), Isle of Tiree
  • Dunollie Castle, Oban — partnership with Ionad Gàidhlig Furan (Corran Halls)

A deeper look into Scotland's ancient language

Winter Solstice at the Ring of Brodgar

© Orkney.com

Discover Scotland's Gaelic islands on video

  • Scottish Gaelic Explained
  • Scotland's Gaelic Islands - Moor and Mountain
  • Scotland's Gaelic Islands - Music and Poetry
  • A Guide to Safe Travels in Scotland
  • Welcome to Fife, a Gaelic Kingdom

Gaelic today

NB Distillery, North Berwick

Where is Gaelic still spoken?

You're most likely to hear Scots Gaelic spoken in the Highlands and islands, particularly in the Outer Hebrides, on the Isle of Skye, and to a lesser extent in Argyll & The Isles. You can see the Gaelic language on road signs across the country, hear it in theatres, on radio and television productions, or by chatting to the locals! The cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh have large Gaelic populations too - nearly half of all Gaelic speakers live in the Lowlands. You can also follow iconic locations in Edinburgh with Gaelic connections on Edinburgh Gaelic Trail.

The Nova Scotia region in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and other regions in North America also boast proud Gaelic communities - established after the 18th and 19th century waves of emigration.

Gaelic place names 

Gaelic is woven through Scotland’s map – names often describe the land itself. Here are a few examples:

  • Glasgow – Glaschu: “green hollow/glen” – think Dear Green Place.
  • Aberdeen – Obar Dheathain: “mouth of the (River) Don”.
  • Ardnamurchan – Àird nam Murchan: “headland of the sea‑hounds (seals/otters)”.
  • Ben Nevis – Beinn Nibheis: “venomous/malicious mountain”

 

 

Royal National Mòd

© An Comunn Gaidhealach

Events in Scotland with a Gaelic twist

From music festivals to literary gatherings, these events celebrate Gaelic language, culture and creativity across Scotland throughout the year. Join in wherever you are and experience the Gaelic language through live performance, storytelling and community.

  • Seachdain na Gàidhlig (World Gaelic Week) , various locations – 23 February – 1 March
  • Say a Gaelic Phrase a Day – 26 February – part of World Gaelic Week
  • Mull Music Festival, Tobermory & Dervaig, Isle of Mull – 23 – 26 April
  • Edinburgh Tradfest – 1 – 11 May
  • Fèis Ìle, Isle of Islay – 22 – 31 May
  • Sound of Gigha, Isle of Gigha – 4 – 7 June
  • Ceòlas Summer School, South Uist – 5 – 10 July celebrates 30th anniversary in 2026
  • Tiree Music Festival, Isle of Tiree – 10 – 12 July
  • HebCelt – Fèis Cheilteach Innse Gall, Isle of Lewis – 16 – 18 July
  • Mull of Kintyre Festival, Campbeltown – 19 – 23 August
  • Barra Live, Isle of Barra – August (2026 dates TBC)
  • Dunoon Tradfest – 24 – 27 September
  • Jura Music Festival, Isle of Jura – 25 – 27 September
  • Blas Festival, venues across The Highlands – September (2026 dates TBC)
  • Dùthchas, Galston Estate Heritage Week, Isle of Lewis – September 2026 (dates TBC)
  • Royal National Mòd, Glasgow – 9 – 17 October 2026
  • Faclan: The Hebridean Book Festival, An Lanntair, Isle of Lewis (dates TBC but late October/early Nov)

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